The Book Spiritual Mothering The Titus 2 Model For...

Introduction Today there are many Christians that do not know how to develop and strengthen their faith. Their faith can be shaky because most times when hard circumstances and trials come their way then they lose faith that God will bring them through. The way to help people strengthen their faith is mentor them. Mentoring is a way to spend time consistently with someone to keep them accountable in their walk with the Lord and understanding what time with the Lord looks like. The book Spiritual Mothering: The Titus 2 Model for Mentoring Women is a book that helps Biblical women know their role in mentoring other women. It helps women to understand the model that they should use in mentoring other women. This book focuses†¦show more content†¦After describing the reference point of spiritual mothering Susan Hunt then describes the fact that it is a life purpose. The author describes a Biblical woman’s life purpose as glorifying God. A Biblical woman should be living their life to glorify God in everything that they do, which includes when they mentor other women. In order for a Biblical woman to follow the mandate of mentoring based on Titus 2:3-5, she must be obedient to God throughout her life. That does not mean it will be easy, but obedience to God is essential for any older woman who is trying to mentor other women. It is essential because there would be no reason for women to mentor others if they are not following God and being obedient to what He has called them to do. After describing the life purpose, Susan Hunt then goes to tackle the importance of sound doctrine. Sound doctrine refers to teaching that is in ling with Scripture and God’s commands. After covering the mandate, the author moves next to the model. The Model The very first aspect of spiritual mothering that Susan Hunt addresses is that of nurturing and building the relationship. She writes that, â€Å"Spiritual mothering is impossible apart from a relationship.† Building a relationship with someone that an older woman is mentoring will not always be easy because it requires work. The work of building the relationship is necessary though

Athlete Development Programs Deliberate Practice and...

Introduction What makes champions in sport? At the end of the day, it is the moment when one stands at the top of the podium, holding up their well-deserved medals and trophies that all elite athletes strive for. Thus, experts have studied this question extensively to see which programs, or by what means, are elite athletes developed to achieve this goal. One of the many aspects to athlete development is the controversial topic of deliberate practice versus deliberate play. Deliberate practice can be defined as â€Å"any training activity (a) undertaken with the specific purpose of increasing performance, (b) requiring cognitive and/or physical effort, and (c) relevant to promoting positive skill development† (Cote et al., 2007, p. 185) On the†¦show more content†¦Specifically, they engaged in various â€Å"invasion† sports, where the goal is to move into the opponent’s territory to score (e.g. soccer, basketball, and hockey). The amount of deliberate pr actice was an important determinant for the emergence of expertise for the AFL athletes (Berry et al., 2008). In a more expansive study, Memmert et al. (2010) confirm the same results with respect to a wide range of team sports: basketball, handball, field hockey, and soccer. They state that there is a need of specific training over a long period of time, the â€Å"10-year rule,† for the attainment of expertise. Cote et al. (2007) points out the principle of the power law of practice, where great improvements are seen in the initial stages of practice, but the improvements level-off as one becomes an expert. This power relationship seems to be converted into a more linear relationship with increased deliberate practice. Violinists were studied, and time spent in deliberate practice was examined. By 18 years of age, experts accumulated 7,400 hours of practice, whereas intermediate-level performers had 5,300 hours, and lower-level performers only completed 3,400 hours. This lin ear law of practice seems to be generalizable to other domains, namely sport and chess (Cote et al., 2007, pp. 185). Although deliberate practice is very important, it is not the sole predictor of elite-levelShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Youth Sports On Early Specialization Vs. Diversification1234 Words   |  5 Pageschildhood is their first opportunity to take part in a structured sports program. Parents can play a pivotal role in shaping their child’s early sports experience. When you are the parent of a child like Myzel, you must decide on the best way to foster the child’s athletic ability. Should you encourage him to focus solely on football because of his undeniable talent, or to participate in a variety of sports throughout development? What if they are not as athletically gifted? 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Love Themes in the Great Gatsby Free Essays

The Great Gatsby Many people dream of being rich and famous because they want to be honored and idolized by people. This is the goal of Jay Gatsby, the protagonist in The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald which was considered his masterpiece in the year 1925. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Themes in the Great Gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jay Gatsby only wished to be with Daisy, the girl that he truly loved. In this essay, one will notice that the high amount of love in the story isn’t usually the kind of love that saves people’s lives and brings them their true happiness. Nick Carraway is a young man from Minnesota who moves to New York to learn about the bond business. He rents a house in West Egg, Long Island, a place where newly rich people live. He lives next to Jay Gatsby, the mysterious owner of the grand mansion who throws lavish parties every Saturday night. Nick’s cousin is Daisy, the wife of Tom Buchanan and the woman that Gatsby loves. Tom Buchanan has an affair with Myrtle Wilson. Because of Jordan Baker, a competitive golfer with whom Nick met and fell in love but didn’t work out with, he found out that Gatsby’s been in love with Daisy for a long time, and the reason why he lives like a young rajah is to impress Daisy with how successful he is. Through a favor that Gatsby’s asks, Nick sets a meeting for Gatsby and Daisy for them to reunite and find out the love they had. After a short time, Tom suspects the extraordinary relationship of his wife with Gatsby. Though Tom is involved in an affair, he is deeply insulted by the idea that his wife could also cheat on him. One day, Tom forced the group to go to New York to have lunch in Plaza Hotel, where he confronts Gatsby about his relationship with Daisy. Tom announced that Gatsby is a bootlegger and his involved on other illegal activities, and Daisy demanded to go home. Gatsby and Daisy drive back home together in Gatsby’s car, while Tom, Nick and Jordan are in Tom’s car. On the way home, Myrtle was hit and killed by the car of Gatsby. Later Nick discovered that Daisy is the one who’s driving when the accident happened. Tom told Wilson, the husband of Myrtle, that the car who hit his wife is owned by Gatsby. While Gatsby is relaxing in his pool, Wilson shoots and kills Gatsby and himself. After the small funeral Nick arranged for Gatsby, he ended his relationship with Jordan, and moves back to Midwest. In the novel it was quite obvious how Gatsby longed for Daisy; watching the green light from Daisy’s house every night, reaching out to it. He did get Daisy back through Nick in the story, ut during the time that he wished very hard that Daisy would be his, he was unable to spend much time with the woman at all, and so, if truly thought about, he didn’t love Daisy for what she currently is because he didn’t know that anymore. Gatsby loved the Daisy he once knew, or how he remembers her to be. In turn, Daisy thought she was in love with Gatsby also, but shown through how she still didn†™t try to get out of her marriage with Tom, she really wasn’t. She thought her appreciation of Gatsby’s attention was love. Tom cheated on Daisy with Myrtle and thought that was fine as long as he loved his wife, but then how come he was furious when he found out about his Daisy’s love affair? Was it really only because he was insulted that Daisy would cheat on him too? Finally, the main character Nick claimed he loved Jordan Baker, but found it necessary to separate from her at the end of the book. There seems to be a lot of love going around in the story, but somehow love became something that ruined their lives, because somehow, it never became what the characters or what the readers knew it was supposed to be. In chapter 3 Nick speaks of how he feels about Jordan towards the end of the story, talking about he thought he and Jordan had to go their separate ways, â€Å"†¦she had deliberately shifted our relations, and for a moment I thought I loved her†¦I’d been writing letters once a week and signing them: ‘Love, Nick,’ and all I could think of was how, when that certain girl played tennis, a faint mustache of perspiration appeared on her upper lip. Nevertheless there was a vague understanding that had to be tactfully broken off before I was free. † (3. 169) Nick says that he only thought he loved Jordan out right. He probably thought to mention the sweat on her upper lip while playing tennis because that’s not something that you call to mind right away about the person you love, at least not something as shallow as sweat. You don’t do things you should only be doing with the person you love with someone else, as Tom did with Myrtle. Oddly he cheated on Daisy, but he loved her. â€Å"I love Daisy too,† he says during their group confrontation at the Plaza Hotel, â€Å"Once in a while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time. (7. 251) If you could love someone but go behind his or her back to have an affair, and everybody in the world believed this, no one would be happy in love. In the same chapter Daisy also proves the love she feels is also twisted, â€Å"‘Oh, you want too much! ’ she cried to Gatsby. ‘I love you now – isn’t that enough? I can’t help whatâ€℠¢s past. ’ She began to sob helplessly. ‘I did love him once – but I loved you too. ’† (7. 266) If at one point Daisy suddenly said she loved everybody she knew, it wouldn’t be hard to believe. With a lot of skill, Fitzgerald was able to sum up all that love was in the story in the first chapter. Gatsby was only reaching out to something, and the whole time he loved he Daisy, he was in love with a green light—the thought of her. In the first chapter, Nick notices an odd gesture of Gatsby’s which told about what he felt about Daisy. â€Å"†¦he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 152) The book showed how love can take a hold and take full control of people’s lives, but in a scary way, not be real love at all. Though most people know that love is beautiful, that there can be times that love is all we need, there’s a need to be careful. You need to be sure that it’s truly love, or else, love will be something you’d rather not have at all. How to cite Love Themes in the Great Gatsby, Essay examples

Critical Appraisal Relationship Between Obesity and the Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Critical Appraisal Of A Research Article Relationship Between Obesity and the Diseases. Answer: Introduction: In this assignment we are going to critically appraise the article by Ackerman and Osborne in which the relationship between obesity and the diseases related to knee and hip joint is established. Problem with knee and hip joint is now a day very common among the aged persons in our society (Medeiros, Arajo Arajo, 2013). According to a survey carried out by the Government of Australia in the year 2011- 2012, around 3.3 million Australians are suffering from some kind of arthritis. Among them around 55.9% people are suffering from OA or osteoarthritis (Health.vic.gov.au, 2015). It has also been reported that the knee and hip joint diseases have more prevalence in women rather than men (Aihw.gov.au, 2015). Along with this with the advancement in technology, more and more people are leading a sedentary lifestyle, which increases the number of people affected by obesity. According to a study carried out by the government of Australia (2015), around 61% population of Australia are suffering from obesity or with the problem of overweight. It has been found that obesity increases the pressure on the joints which in case of aged persons is a serious problem as with the aging, the bon e density decreases and risk of getting joint diseases increases (Hsu, Chou Woollacott, 2012). Studies have been carried out to relate hip OA and obesity and knee OA and obesity separately, but the studies carried out by the authors relating the obesity and hip and knee joint problems is the first of its kind in Australia. Discussion: In this part the article is critically appraised. Here we are going to discuss the aim of the study, methods used by the authors, the results and the interpretation of the result as well as the strength and weaknesses of the study. Aim: The aim set by the authors include- Evaluating the relationship between the occurrence of the knee and hip diseases such as arthritis and osteoarthritis and obesity in the population of Australia. To determine whether obesity increases the severity of the joint related diseases i.e. increased pain, stiffness and decrease in HRQoL and the physical activity. Methods: For carrying out the research, the authors collected the data based on national cross sectional survey. The authors randomly selected 10000 individuals, aged above 39 years, based on the survey from almost all territories and states of Australia. Questionnaires were mailed to the selected persons along with proper introductory letters. The questionnaire consisted of three instruments: Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument or AQoL. This instrument was used to evaluate the psychological well being, social relationships, independent living and physical senses of the selected individuals (Richardson et al., 2012). The Hip and Knee MAPT also known as Hip and Knee Multi- Attribute Prioritisation tool which indicates the severity of the joint diseases. The result of the MAPT was obtained as scores. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index or WOMAC Index. This instrument was used to indicate the health condition related to a specific disease in this case the joint related diseases (Ackerman, 2009). The results were given as scores. BMI was calculated as an indication of obesity or overweight. It was done using the height and weight data provided by the selected individuals. Depending of the calculated BMI, the samples were divided into three categories- Normal weight or under weight if the BMI is less than 24.99 kg/m2. Overweight- if the BMI is between 25- 29.99 kg/m2. Obese- if the BMI is greater than 30 kg/m2. The age of the persons were calculated based on the provided date of birth. Statistical analysis methods are applied on the obtained data in order to correlate the knee and hip joint diseases and the weight of a person. The chi- square test method was used to establish the differences between the participants and the non participants. In order to determine the adjusted odd ratio for the knee OA, multiple binary logistic regression method was used. Analysis of covariance method was applied to the persons who reported to have knee or hip arthritis or OA, in order to evaluate the association between the severities of the diseases i.e. stiffness, physical function and pain and the calculated BMI. In order to detect the relationship between the disease severity and BMI category, Kruskal- Wallis tests were applied. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 10, 000 people, but the filled copies were received from only 1,158 individuals. Using the chi square method of analysis, the comparison between the non participants and the participants were done. The results that were obtained indicated that the number of female participants were comparatively greater than the male than the female non participants- 52% female non participants 57% female participants Chi square value- 8.3 (p 0.01) Among the participants and non participants the proportion of the participants belonging to higher socio economic class was greater- Participants from higher socioeconomic class- 17% Non participants belonging to higher socioeconomic class- 14% The chi square value- 22.9 (p= 0.01). The values also showed that among the participants and the non participants, 67% of both the categories stay in the metropolitan area. From the study of the demographic characteristics, it had been found that the chances of developing hip as well as knee arthritis were double for the obese people. There was also a strong relation between the prevalence of knee and hip arthritis and increase in age. Persons belonging to the age of 80 years and more had the most increased risk of developing knee and hip arthritis. In case of knee joint problems- Persons having knee arthritis- 169 Persons having knee OA 98. Among them- Asymptomatic- 15% Moderate- 52% Severe- 27% In case of hip joint diseases- Persons having hip arthritis- 98 Persons having hip OA- 57 Among them- Asymptomatic- 8% Moderate- 45% Severe- 40%. As per the data of the post hoc test, obesity is associated with increased pain in the hip and knee joint diseases. The result was also similar in case of stiffness and obesity. The reports also depicted that persons affected by obesity and overweight showed worse physical functions (adjusted mean 43.8). The result also showed that patients with hip arthritis had low HRQoL and the result became worsen with the increase in BMI. It was also showed that the association between the BMI and the severity of the hip and knee joint diseases was great. Discussion of the results: The studies carried out by the authors clearly indicated that there is significant relationship between the increased risk in the development of joint related diseases and obesity. Also persons with obesity experiences greater pain and other severity of the hip and knee joint diseases. As per the authors, this study will provide guidance to the clinicians and health planner while treating the joint related diseases. This study strongly indicated that while addressing the joint related problems in an aged person, the health care providers should also take under consideration whether the person is affected by obesity or not. So, the authors emphasized on the multifaceted approach that should be taken while providing treatment for knee and hip joint diseases in order to provide better care to the affected persons. This approach will require proper knowledge that should be spread among the public, regarding the effectiveness of weight loss and physical activity in order to decrease the r isk of getting joint diseases. In the discussion, carried out by the authors, they have also pointed out the comparison between their study and other relevant studies. The findings of the authors were very similar to the studies relating obesity and knee OA carried out in other countries such as US, Netherlands, UK and Norway. Again, most of the studies were unable to reflect clearly, the association between hip OA and obesity. Some studies indicated that obese persons are at greater risk of developing hip OA. The study carried out by the authors showed no significant relation. The study also showed that in comparison to the hip arthritis, the association between knee arthritis and obesity is much more prevalent. Strength of the study: The study was carried out based on random sampling method which was very relevant to perform a study on the national level as random sampling incorporates participants from various backgrounds and socio economic classes. This also provides a clear idea regarding the relation between obesity and knee and hip diseases. The author described the sample collection methods in a detailed way which included the detailed process of sample selection, the format of the questionnaire and the methods that were used to distribute and to collect the questionnaire. While collecting the data, the authors were concerned regarding the ethical issues. so, they sent an introductory letter and a simple statement along with the questionnaire in order to provide all round information to the participants about the study. The mail also contained reply paid envelops so that the process of sending the filled questionnaire became hustle free. Weakness of the study: The main limitation of the study, as depicted by the authors, was the lower response rate. Among the 10000 participants only 1,158 individuals showed response which was only 23%. The reason behind the reduced response may be the process of data collection i.e. the questionnaire process. It has been reported that the process of face to face interview has higher success rate i.e. the rate of participation increases up to 65%. Conclusion: Both obesity and the knee and hip joint diseases i.e. arthritis poses great threat to the society. Both the health problems are regarded as the National Health Priority Areas by the government of Australia. The authors in their study clearly showed that obesity creates additional burden to the hip and knee arthritis. The suffering of the arthritis patient increases many folds if their BMI is high. So, by controlling the weight of a person, the risk of developing joint diseases can be prevented. So, according to Ackerman Osborn, while treating the joint related problems the physicians should also consider the BMI of the patient in order to provide all round treatment to the patients. Again proper knowledge is also important which can help the people to relate the joint diseases with obesity and they will understand the importance of controlling weight in the older age to reduce the risk of joint diseases. The study clearly depicts the relationship between joint diseases and obesity, but further studies are necessary in order to implement proper plans which will highlight both the issues in the aged people. References: Medeiros, H., Arajo, D., Arajo, C. (2013). Age-related mobility loss is joint-specific: an analysis from 6,000 Flexitest results. AGE, 35(6), 2399-2407. doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9525-z Hsu, W., Chou, L., Woollacott, M. (2012). Age-related changes in joint coordination during balance recovery. AGE, 35(4), 1299-1309. doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9422-x Aihw.gov.au,. (2015). Retrieved 16 May 2015, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6442460004 Health.vic.gov.au,. (2015). Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) Hip Knee Service - Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 16 May 2015, from https://www.health.vic.gov.au/oahks/background.htm Ackerman, I. and Osborne, R. (2012). Obesity and increased burden of hip and knee joint disease in Australia: Results from a national survey. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13(1), p.254. Ackerman, I. (2009). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Australian Journal Of Physiotherapy, 55(3), 213. doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70088-1 Richardson, J., Peacock, S., Hawthorne, G., Iezzi, A., Elsworth, G., Day, N. (2012). Construction of the descriptive system for the assessment of quality of life AQoL-6D utility instrument. Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, 10(1), 38. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-10-38 Aihw.gov.au, (2015). Overweight and obesity (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/overweight-and-obesity/ [Accessed 16 May 2015].